Lewy body disease encompasses both Parkinson's disease dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies. The biological changes in the brain are the same in both diseases, though early symptoms differ. It is believed to be greatly underdiagnosed, with the patient often having symptoms for a year or two before getting an accurate diagnosis. Often, the symptoms are mistaken for those of Alzheimer's disease.
According to the Family Caregiver Alliance, onset of the illness usually begins between the ages of 50 to 85, though some may show symptoms earlier in age.
Early diagnosis is important, as treatment extends the quality of life for those who have it. It's also important to differentiate from other dementias, such as Alzheimer's disease, for with Lewy body dementia, taking neuroleptics, also known as anti-psychotics, which would normally be used to treat hallucinations, causes bad reactions in many with the illness. Even over-the-counter medications could cause adverse reactions. It's very important that those with LBD be closely monitored by a neurologist when taking any kind of medications, prescribed or not prescribed.
Scientist Friederich Lewy's Discovery in the Early 1900s
Friederich Lewy researched Parkinson's disease in the early 1900s. He discovered abnormal protein deposits in the brain which interfered with normal brain functioning. These Lewy body proteins, which are found in the brain stem area, deplete dopamine, which causes Parkinsonian symptoms.
These proteins are also spread throughout other areas of the brain, which include the cerebral cortex. Acetylcholine, a brain chemical, is depleted. This causes serious disruptions of perception, thinking and behavior. There are also plaques and tangles very much like those of Alzheimer's patient's brains.
Symptoms of Lewy Body Dementia (LBD)
According to the Mayo Clinic, the following symptoms of LBD are:
- Visual hallucinations. Seeing colors, shapes, animals or people that aren't there may be one of the first symptoms of Lewy body dementia.
- Movement disorders. Parkinson's-like signs may include slowed movement, rigid muscles, tremors or a shuffling walk.
- Delusions. These may consist of false ideas about another person or situation.
- Cognitive problems. Alzheimer's-like problems may include confusion, memory loss and a reduced attention span.
- Sleep difficulties. A sleep disorder can cause you to physically act out your dreams while you're asleep.
- Fluctuating attention. This may include frequent episodes of drowsiness, long periods of staring into space, lethargy or disorganized speech.
Treatment for Lewy Body Dementia
Cholinesterase inhibitors such as Aricept (donepezil), Excelon (rivastigmine), and Reminyl (galantamine) help with cognitive symptoms.
A Parkinson's medication, Levodopa, treats movement symptoms, though mild symptoms may not be treated due to possible unwanted side effects.
For hallucinations, cholenesterase inhibitors have been shown to be effective for this and other psychiatric symptoms. The doctor may very carefully prescribe and monitor newer anti-psychotic medications. The Lewy Body Dementia Association gives this warning in regards to these anti-psychotics:
Warning: Up to 50% of patients with LBD who are treated with any antipsychotic medication may experience severe neuroleptic sensitivity, such as worsening cognition, heavy sedation, increased or possibly irreversible parkinsonism, or symptoms resembling neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS), which can be fatal. (NMS causes severe fever, muscle rigidity and breakdown that can lead to kidney failure.)
Other Helpful Non-medical Approaches for LBD
Physical, speech, and occupational therapy can help improve physical health and mood. Psychotherapy can help manage emotional, behavorial and family concerns with the burden of LBD in their loved one. Planning for end of life is a also good idea.
An online support group message forum for those with LBD and their caregivers can be an invaluable resource. There are also community group meetings which help immensely with coping with LBD.
Sources:
Disclaimer: The information contained in this article is for educational purposes only and should not be used for diagnosis or to guide treatment without the opinion of a health professional. Any reader who is concerned about his or her health should contact a doctor for advice.
